California Education Directory

Comprehensive guide to California's public education system serving 5.8 million K-12 students, 2.6 million higher education students, and featuring one of the nation's highest teacher salaries

5.8M

K-12 Students

2024-25 School Year Enrollment

$101,084

Avg Teacher Salary

Highest in the nation (2023-24)

2.6M

Higher Ed Students

UC, CSU & Community Colleges

$23,878

Per-Pupil Spending

All sources (2024-25 projected)

Table of Contents

📚 California Department of Education Overview

State Superintendent of Public Instruction

Tony Thurmond serves as California's 28th State Superintendent of Public Instruction (elected 2018, reelected 2022). Current term runs through January 4, 2027.

  • Position: Elected state official serving a four-year term on a nonpartisan ballot
  • Background: Educator, social worker, and public school parent with 15+ years in elected office
  • Key Achievements:
    • Secured $6.6 billion for safe school reopening during COVID-19
    • Implemented nation's first statewide Universal Meals Program (920 million meals distributed)
    • Championed $2.7 billion Universal Transitional Kindergarten program

Visit California Department of Education

State Board of Education

  • Composition: 11 members (10 serving four-year staggered terms + 1 student representative serving one-year term)
  • Appointment: All members appointed by Governor with advice and consent of two-thirds of the Senate
  • Role: Sets policies and regulations for California's public school system
  • Executive Officer: State Superintendent of Public Instruction serves as board's executive officer and secretary

2024-25 Enrollment Trends

  • Peak Enrollment: 6.3 million students in 2004
  • Current Enrollment: 5.8 million (420,000 fewer than 2014-15)
  • 10-Year Projection: Further decline of 586,500 students expected by 2034-35 (projected total: 5,219,700)
  • Bright Spot: Transitional Kindergarten (TK) enrollment doubled from 75,465 in 2021-22 to 151,491 in 2023-24
  • Student-to-Teacher Ratio: 20.8 students per teaching assignment (2024-25)
  • Experienced Teachers: 88.3% of K-12 teachers have more than two years of teaching experience

🏫 K-12 Public School System

Total K-12 Enrollment

5.8M

2024-25 School Year

English Learners

1.0M

17.4% of students (2024-25)

Special Education

800K+

13% of all students (ages 0-22)

K-12 Schools by Major Region

Southern California

Home to the nation's second-largest school district and numerous high-performing districts serving diverse student populations.

  • Los Angeles Unified School District - 435,958 students, 781 schools (largest in California, 2nd in nation)
  • San Diego Unified School District - 95,233 students (2nd largest in California)
  • Long Beach Unified School District - 67,292 students
  • Corona-Norco Unified School District - 50,889 students
  • Irvine Unified School District - 37,731 students, 45 schools (Ranked #20 in California)
  • Moreno Valley Unified School District - Serving Riverside County
  • Montebello Unified School District (Montebello)
San Francisco Bay Area

Features some of California's highest-performing school districts with exceptional academic outcomes and strong college preparation.

  • San Francisco Unified School District - 49,204 students (8th largest in California), serving over 56,000 students across the city
  • Oakland Unified School District - Major urban district serving Oakland
  • Fremont Unified School District - Major East Bay district
  • San Jose Unified School District - Serving Silicon Valley
  • Palo Alto Unified School District - Top Rated Ranked #1 in California and nation (minimum 8,000 students)
  • Los Gatos-Saratoga Union High School District - Top Rated Elite academics and college readiness
  • Los Altos Unified School District - High-performing Silicon Valley district
  • Mount Diablo Unified School District - Contra Costa County
  • San Ramon Valley Unified School District - Serving Alamo, Blackhawk, Danville, Diablo, San Ramon
  • Fremont Union High School District (Sunnyvale)
Central Valley

Major agricultural region with growing urban centers and diverse student populations.

  • Fresno Unified School District - 69,873 students (3rd largest in California)
  • Elk Grove Unified School District - 62,229 students (Sacramento County)
  • Merced County Office of Education (Merced)
San Diego County
  • San Diego Unified School District - 95,233 students (2nd largest in California)
  • Poway Unified School District - Top Rated Ranked among California's top districts for academics

📊 California's Largest School Districts by Enrollment

RankSchool DistrictLocationEnrollmentTotal Schools
1Los Angeles Unified School DistrictLos Angeles435,958781
2San Diego Unified School DistrictSan Diego95,233-
3Fresno Unified School DistrictFresno69,873-
4Long Beach Unified School DistrictLong Beach67,292-
5Elk Grove Unified School DistrictSacramento County62,229-
6Corona-Norco Unified School DistrictRiverside County50,889-
7San Francisco Unified School DistrictSan Francisco49,204-

🎓 Charter Schools & School Choice

Charter School Statistics (2024)

  • Total Charter Schools: 1,283 schools (as of May 2024)
  • Charter Enrollment: 600,000+ students (10% of all public school students)
  • All-Charter Districts: 7 districts operative in California
  • National Ranking: California leads the nation in both number of charter schools and students enrolled
  • Growth Trend: Modest growth from ~1,234 schools (2015-16) to 1,283 (2024)

Charter School Impact

Charter schools represent California's largest public school choice program, serving 685,553 students in 2022-23 (11.7% of statewide enrollment).

School Choice Options in California

While California does not offer traditional voucher programs or tax credits for private school choice, several public school choice options exist:

Charter Schools
  • 1,283 charter schools statewide
  • Publicly funded, independently operated
  • Largest school choice program in California
  • Free to attend, admission often by lottery
District of Choice / Open Enrollment
  • 44 districts participating (2024-25)
  • 8,398 students transferred (2021-22)
  • Allows students to attend schools outside their home district
  • Subject to district approval and capacity
Magnet Schools
  • Specialized academic programs
  • STEM, arts, language immersion focus
  • Available in larger urban districts
  • Admission often competitive
Proposed Legislation
  • Senate Bill 292 - California Education Savings Account Act (2024)
  • Would create ESAs for every California student
  • Currently California offers no voucher programs
  • No individual or corporate tax credits available

🏠 Private Schools & Homeschooling

Private School Statistics
  • Total Private/Homeschool Students: 563,000 (8.8% of all students, 2022-23)
  • Private School Enrollment Trend: Increased from 11.3% (2019) to 12.7% (2022) statewide
  • Post-Pandemic Growth: Private school enrollment increased during and after COVID-19
  • Data Sources: California Department of Education maintains comprehensive private school data by county and grade level

View Private School Data

Homeschooling Statistics
  • Total Homeschooled: 547,561 students (September 2024)
  • National Share: 13% of all homeschoolers in the United States
  • National Ranking: California has more homeschooled children than any other state
  • Percentage of National Total: California accounts for over 500,000 of the 4.2 million homeschoolers nationwide
  • Growth Trend: Number of homeschooled students nearly doubled in some counties since 2017 (e.g., San Diego)

Homeschooling Options in California

California offers multiple legal pathways for homeschooling, making tracking challenging:

Private School Affidavits

File paperwork to establish home as private school

Charter Schools

Enroll in independent study charter programs

Independent Study Programs

Participate in district-sponsored programs

🎯 Higher Education: UC, CSU & Community Colleges

University of California (UC) System

  • Total Enrollment: Nearly 300,000 students
  • Campuses: 10 campuses across California
  • Mission: Research university system serving top-tier students
  • Admission: Top 12.5% of California high school graduates eligible

Campuses: UC Berkeley, UCLA, UC San Diego, UC Davis, UC Irvine, UC Santa Barbara, UC Santa Cruz, UC Riverside, UC Merced, UC San Francisco (graduate/professional only)

300K

Total Students

California State University (CSU) System

  • Total Enrollment: Nearly 500,000 students
  • Campuses: 23 campuses statewide
  • Mission: Comprehensive university system focused on teaching and professional preparation
  • Admission: Top one-third of California high school graduates eligible
  • Combined UC/CSU Undergraduate Enrollment: 660,000+ undergraduates

Major Campuses: San Diego State, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, Long Beach State, San Francisco State, Sacramento State, Fresno State, Cal Poly Pomona, San Jose State, and 15 others

500K

Total Students

California Community Colleges (CCC) System

  • Total Enrollment: 2.1 million students (2023-24 academic year)
  • Campuses: 116 community colleges statewide
  • System Size: Largest public higher education system in the country
  • Recent Growth: Enrollment increased 8.4% in Fall 2023, surpassing 2 million for first time since pandemic
  • Annual Growth: Increased 5% in 2022-23 compared to previous year
  • Mission: Open-access institutions providing transfer pathways, workforce training, basic skills
2.1M

Total Students

Community College Student Demographics

Race/Ethnicity:
  • 48% Hispanic
  • 23% White
  • 11% Asian
  • 5.6% African American
  • 4% Multi-ethnic
  • 2% Filipino
  • Less than 1% each: American Indian/Alaskan Native, Pacific Islander
  • 5% Unknown
Gender & Age:
  • 53% Female
  • 44% Male
  • 1.2% Non-binary
  • 2% Unknown gender
  • 58% Traditional age (24 or younger)
  • 42% Adult students (25 or older)

Visit CCC Chancellor's Office

Additional Higher Education Resources

  • Colleges, Universities and Trade Schools - California
  • Private Universities: Stanford University, University of Southern California (USC), Pepperdine, Occidental College, and 100+ others
  • Graduate and Professional Schools: Law, medicine, business, and specialized programs across all systems

👨‍🏫 Teacher Certification & Salaries

California Teacher Salaries (2024)
  • Average Teacher Salary: $101,084 (2023-24 school year)
  • National Comparison: $95,160 average per NEA data (highest nationwide)
  • Starting Salary: Approximately $55,283 average (4th highest in U.S.)
  • Elementary Teachers: $93,880 average annual salary
  • High School Teachers: $85,080 average (significantly higher than national average of $61,660)
  • Salary Range: $60,660 (lowest) to $125,940 (highest)
Teacher Certification Requirements

Basic Requirements

  1. Bachelor's Degree: Obtain degree from accredited institution (does not need to be in education)
  2. Teacher Preparation Program: Enroll in program accredited by California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC), incorporating coursework and student teaching
  3. Student Teaching: Complete 600 hours of student teaching experience
  4. Examinations: Pass required exams (CBEST, CSET, or alternatives)
  5. Background Check: Clear fingerprint and background check

Recent Changes (2024)

Credentialing Authority: California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC)

Teacher Shortage Areas (2024)

High-Need Subject Areas

  • Special Education Critical
  • Mathematics Critical
  • Science (STEM) Critical
  • Bilingual Education Critical
  • Career Technical Education High Need
  • Elementary Educators High Need
  • English Language Arts High Need

Teacher Preparation Statistics

  • 40% of teacher residents enrolled in special education
  • 34% enrolled in STEM fields
  • 27% pursuing bilingual authorization

Credential Trends

  • 2022-23: 14,636 new teaching credentials issued
  • 2021-22: 16,484 new credentials
  • Decline: 11.2% year-over-year decrease

State Investment in Teacher Workforce

California has invested more than $1 billion to strengthen the teacher workforce since 2021, with funding directed toward:

  • Teacher residency programs in high-need areas
  • Credential program expansion
  • Teacher retention initiatives
  • Pathway diversification programs

View High-Need Subject Areas

Teacher Associations

✅ Testing & Accountability (CAASPP)

California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress (CAASPP)

CAASPP is California's state testing system, measuring student performance on Common Core-aligned standards.

Test Overview

  • Assessment System: Smarter Balanced Summative Assessments
  • Grades Tested: 3-8 and 11
  • Subjects: English Language Arts (ELA) and Mathematics
  • Science: California Science Test (CAST) in grades 5, 8, and high school
  • Standards: Common Core State Standards alignment

Achievement Levels (Updated 2025)

The State Board of Education updated achievement level labels:

  • Advanced - Exceeds standards
  • Proficient - Meets standards
  • Developing - Nearly meets standards
  • Minimal - Below standards
2024-25 CAASPP Results (Most Recent)

English Language Arts (ELA)

48.81%

Met or Exceeded Standards

+1.77% from 2024 (47.0%)

Mathematics

35%

Met or Exceeded Standards

+0.4% from 2024 (34.6%)

2023-24 School Year Results

  • ELA: 47.0% met or exceeded standards (up from 46.7%)
  • Mathematics: 35% met or exceeded standards (up from 34.6%)

Equity Gains

Socioeconomically disadvantaged students showed significant progress:

  • ELA: +1.5 percentage points increase
  • Mathematics: +2.1 percentage points increase
  • Science: +1.4 percentage points increase

Additional Testing Information

  • Results Access: Test scores available on CAASPP Reporting website
  • Search Options: Results searchable by school, district, or student group
  • EdSource Tool: Interactive CAASPP results explorer
  • Parent Resources: Individual student score reports provided to families
  • Promotion Policy: Test scores NOT used to determine grade-level promotion
  • ELPAC: English Language Proficiency Assessments for California (separate assessment for English Learners)

🌟 Special Programs: Bilingual Education & Special Education

English Learners (EL) Programs

Current English Learner Statistics (2024-25)

  • Total English Learners: 1,009,066 students (17.4% of all students)
  • Reclassified Fluent English Proficient (RFEP): 909,319 students (15.7%)
  • Historical Context: 1,112,435 ELs in 2022-23 (19% of K-12 enrollment)

Academic Performance (2023-24)

  • EL Students Meeting Standards:
    • ELA: 10.3% (out of 479,762 tested)
    • Mathematics: 10.3%
  • RFEP Students Meeting Standards:
    • ELA: 58.0%
    • Mathematics: 38.5%
  • Chronic Absenteeism: EL students 22.8% vs. non-EL 19.8%

Bilingual Education Programs

  • California: 16.4% in bilingual programs
  • Wisconsin: 55.9%
  • Texas: 36.7%
  • Illinois: 35.9%
  • New Jersey: 33.4%

New in 2024-25: California began publishing number of students enrolled in bilingual programming for improved transparency.

Special Education Programs

Special Education Statistics

  • Total Special Education Students: 800,000+ California children and youth ages 0-22
  • Percentage of All Students: 13% receive special education services
  • Age Distribution:
    • Ages 5-18: ~90% of special education enrollment
    • Ages 0-4 and 19-22: ~10% of enrollment

Primary Disability Categories (2020)

Top three disabilities account for 74% of special education enrollment:

  • Autism: 16% (increased from 10% in 2011)
  • Learning Disabilities: 37% (decreased from 41% in 2011)
  • Speech/Language Impairments: 21% (decreased from 25% in 2011)

Services Provided

  • Early Intervention: Birth to age 3 (disabled children)
  • Early Childhood Education: Ages 3-5
  • K-12 Instruction: Least restrictive environment through age 22
  • Transition Services: Preparation for post-secondary life

Parent Rights

  • Parents have procedural safeguards under IDEA
  • Must participate in all decision-making meetings
  • Right to inspect educational records
  • Access to dispute resolution processes

Special Education Division - CDE

Additional Special Programs

  • Universal Transitional Kindergarten (TK): $2.7 billion program expanding quality preschool statewide (enrollment doubled from 75,465 in 2021-22 to 151,491 in 2023-24)
  • Universal School Meals: Nation's first statewide program (2022-23 school year), 920 million meals distributed during pandemic
  • Gifted and Talented Education (GATE): Programs for high-achieving students
  • Career Technical Education (CTE): Workforce preparation pathways
  • Migrant Education: Support for children of migratory agricultural workers

💰 Education Funding & Budget

Total K-12 Budget (2024-25)

$126.8B

All funding sources (state, local, federal)

State Budget (2024-25)

$109.1B

K-12 education state funding

Per-Pupil Spending (2024-25)

$23,878

All sources (projected)

Per-Pupil Spending Breakdown

2024-25 Projections

  • Total Per-Pupil Expenditure: $23,878 (up from $23,519 in 2023-24)
  • From Proposition 98 Funds: $17,502 per pupil
  • LCFF COLA: 1.07% cost-of-living adjustment

2023-24 Actual Spending

  • Average District Spending: $23,000 per pupil
  • Low-Income Students: $2,400 more than higher-income students
  • English Learners: $1,200 more than non-ELs

National Comparison (2022-23)

  • National Ranking: 16th among all states (including Washington, DC)
  • California: $20,496 per pupil
  • U.S. Average: $17,699 per pupil
  • Difference: $2,800 above national average

Funding Sources & Structure

Major Funding Sources

  • Local Property Taxes: Significant portion of K-12 funding
  • State Aid: Largest single source (Proposition 98 guarantee)
  • Federal Funds: Supplemental support for specific programs
  • Total 2024-25: $126.8 billion combined

Proposition 98

  • Guarantees minimum funding level for K-12 and community colleges
  • Based on state General Fund revenues and student enrollment
  • Provides funding stability and predictability
  • Adjusted annually for COLA

Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF)

California's primary method for distributing funds to school districts:

  • Base Grant: Funding per student based on grade level
  • Supplemental Grant: Additional 20% for English Learners, low-income students, foster youth
  • Concentration Grant: Extra funding when disadvantaged students exceed 55% of enrollment
  • Equity Focus: Targets resources to highest-need students
  • 2024-25 COLA: 1.07% cost-of-living adjustment applied

🏆 Top-Rated School Districts in California

RankSchool DistrictLocationStudentsNiche GradeNotable Features
#1Palo Alto Unified School DistrictPalo Alto (Bay Area)8,000+A+Ranked #1 in California and nation (Niche); Henry M. Gunn High (#3 CA), Palo Alto High (#9 CA)
#4Los Gatos-Saratoga Union High School DistrictSanta Clara County-A+Elite academics, top college readiness rankings
#20Irvine Unified School DistrictIrvine (Southern CA)37,731A+247 Niche user reviews (4.2 stars), 45 schools
TopPoway Unified School DistrictSan Diego County-A+Ranked among California's top for academics and college readiness
TopLos Altos Unified School DistrictLos Altos (Bay Area)-A+High-performing Silicon Valley district
TopSan Ramon Valley Unified School DistrictContra Costa County--Serving Alamo, Blackhawk, Danville, Diablo, San Ramon

District Performance Factors

Top-performing California school districts typically share these characteristics:

  • High Test Scores: CAASPP performance significantly above state average
  • College Readiness: High AP/IB participation and pass rates
  • Graduation Rates: 95%+ four-year graduation rates
  • Teacher Quality: Highly credentialed, experienced educators
  • Resource Availability: Strong local funding and community support
  • Low Class Sizes: Better student-to-teacher ratios
  • Extracurricular Programs: Robust arts, athletics, clubs
  • Family Engagement: Active parent involvement and PTAs

View Complete Rankings on Niche

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

California enrolled 5,806,200 students in K-12 public schools during the 2024-25 school year. This represents the 8th consecutive year of enrollment decline, with enrollment down 31,500 students from the previous year. California's peak enrollment was 6.3 million students in 2004, and current enrollment is about 420,000 fewer than in 2014-15. Projections indicate enrollment may decline to 5,219,700 by 2034-35 if current trends in fertility and migration continue.

California teachers earn the highest average salary in the nation at $101,084 for the 2023-24 school year. Starting salaries average approximately $55,283, ranking fourth highest in the United States. Elementary teachers earn an average of $93,880 annually, while high school teachers average $85,080 (significantly higher than the national average of $61,660). Salaries range from $60,660 at the lowest to $125,940 at the highest, with significant variation based on school district, advanced degrees, certifications, and years of experience. Teachers with Master's degrees or additional certifications typically earn salary supplements above the base pay.

California projects spending $23,878 per pupil from all sources (state, local, and federal) in 2024-25, up from $23,519 in 2023-24. From Proposition 98 funds alone, spending is $17,502 per pupil. California's per-pupil spending on current operations was $20,496 in 2022-23 (in 2025 dollars), which is approximately $2,800 more than the national average of $17,699 per pupil. This places California 16th among all states in per-pupil spending. Notably, California spends more on high-need students: low-income students receive $2,400 more per pupil than higher-income students, and English Learners receive $1,200 more than non-ELs.

To become a teacher in California, you must: (1) Obtain a bachelor's degree from an accredited institution (the degree does not need to be in education); (2) Enroll in a teacher preparation program accredited by the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC), which incorporates both coursework and student teaching experiences; (3) Complete 600 hours of student teaching experience; (4) Pass required examinations (CBEST, CSET, or approved alternatives); and (5) Clear a fingerprint and background check. Recent changes through Senate Bill 153 (signed June 2024) now allow a qualifying bachelor's degree or higher in any subject for admission to most teacher preparation programs, easing previous entry requirements. All credentials are issued by the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing.

As of May 2024, California has 1,283 operative charter schools plus seven all-charter districts. These schools serve more than 600,000 students, representing approximately 10% of all public school students statewide. California leads the nation in both the total number of charter schools and the number of students attending them. Charter school enrollment was 685,553 students in 2022-23, accounting for 11.7% of statewide enrollment. Charter schools represent California's largest public school choice program. Growth has been modest in recent years, increasing from approximately 1,234 schools in 2015-16 to 1,283 in 2024, reflecting a slowing expansion compared to earlier periods.

CAASPP (California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress) is California's state testing system measuring student performance on Common Core-aligned standards. Students in grades 3-8 and grade 11 take Smarter Balanced Summative Assessments in English Language Arts (ELA) and Mathematics. Additionally, students take the California Science Test (CAST) in grades 5, 8, and once in high school. In 2024-25, 48.81% of California students met or exceeded standards in ELA (up 1.77% from the previous year), and 35% met or exceeded standards in Mathematics (up 0.4%). The State Board of Education updated achievement level labels in 2025 to: Advanced, Proficient, Developing, and Minimal. Test scores are not used to determine whether students advance to the next grade, and results are available through the CAASPP Reporting website searchable by school, district, or student group.

California's three public higher education systems together serve approximately 2.6 million students. The University of California (UC) system enrolls nearly 300,000 students across 10 campuses, serving the top 12.5% of California high school graduates. The California State University (CSU) system has 23 campuses enrolling nearly 500,000 students, serving the top one-third of graduates. The California Community Colleges (CCC) system is the largest, with 116 colleges enrolling 2.1 million students in the 2023-24 academic year. Community college enrollment increased 8.4% in Fall 2023, surpassing 2 million students for the first time since the pandemic, and grew 5% in 2022-23 compared to the previous year. Together, UC and CSU enroll more than 660,000 undergraduates, while the community college system provides transfer pathways, workforce training, and basic skills education as the nation's largest public higher education system.

California faces critical teacher shortages in several key areas. The most severe shortages are in special education, mathematics, science (STEM), and bilingual education. Additional high-need areas include career technical education, elementary educators, and English language arts teachers. During the 2021-22 school year, California had more than 10,000 teacher vacancies, including positions filled by uncredentialed individuals. Of teacher residents enrolled through 2023, approximately 40% enrolled in special education programs, 34% in STEM fields, and 27% were pursuing bilingual authorization. The shortage has worsened with an 11.2% year-over-year decrease in new teaching credentials issued between 2021-22 and 2022-23 (from 16,484 to 14,636 credentials). In response, California has invested more than $1 billion since 2021 to strengthen the teacher workforce through residency programs, credential program expansion, retention initiatives, and pathway diversification.

California has 1,009,066 current English Learners (ELs) in 2024-25, representing 17.4% of the state's 5.8 million students. An additional 909,319 students are classified as Reclassified Fluent English Proficient (RFEP), making up 15.7% of the student population. In 2022-23, California enrolled 1,112,435 ELs, nearly 19% of total K-12 enrollment. Academic performance data from 2023-24 shows only 10.3% of EL students met or exceeded standards in both ELA and Mathematics (out of 479,762 tested), compared to 58% of RFEP students meeting ELA standards and 38.5% meeting math standards. EL students also experience higher chronic absenteeism (22.8% vs. 19.8% for non-EL students). Only 16.4% of English learners were enrolled in bilingual or dual-language immersion programs in 2019-20, significantly lower than Wisconsin (55.9%), Texas (36.7%), Illinois (35.9%), and New Jersey (33.4%). Starting in 2024-25, California began publishing enrollment numbers for bilingual programming to improve data transparency.

No, California does not currently offer school vouchers, education savings accounts (ESAs), or individual/corporate tax credits for private school choice. This makes California an outlier compared to many other states that have implemented such programs. Available school choice options in California are limited to public school alternatives: charter schools (1,283 schools serving 685,553 students or 11.7% of enrollment in 2022-23), District of Choice/Open Enrollment programs (44 participating districts with 8,398 students transferred in 2021-22), magnet schools, and homeschooling options. Senate Bill 292, the California Education Savings Account Act of 2024, has been proposed to create ESAs for every California student and allow parents to choose accredited K-12 schools, but it has not been enacted. California lags behind other states in supporting private school choice, which observers attribute to a legislature controlled by teachers unions.

📖 Additional Education Resources

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Last updated on November 24, 2025